\nDOI: 10.1002\/cmtd.202500038<\/p>\n
In this work, we reveal that the temperature of the solid-state synthesis of pure (K0.50<\/sub>Na0.50<\/sub>)NbO3<\/sub> (KNN) piezo-composition is severely reduced by using the appropriated niobium reactant after attrition milling for only 3h of the mixture of reagents for the solid-state reaction: a majoritarian (57 wt.% of the total Nb2<\/sub>O5<\/sub> content) orthorhombic polymorph Pbam.<\/p>\n After calcination of this mixture at only 450\u00b0C\/2h, a 60 wt.% of KNN was achieved. Moreover, after 850\u00b0C\/2h the calcined powder became a pure KNN. A second ball-milling of powder calcined at 700\u00b0C-850\u00b0C gave place to populations of nanostructured particles (380-40 nm, respectively). The milled powder calcined at 700\u00b0C was pressureless sintered in air for 2h at 1050\u00b0C and 1100\u00b0C, leading to coarse grained ceramics. Milled powder calcined at 750\u00b0C and 850\u00b0C, sintered at the same conditions, produced fine grain homogeneous microstructures. Ceramics showed an orthorhombic Amm2 pure KNN perovskite phase, as seen by x-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis. The piezoelectric values (d33<\/sub>=115 pC\/N, d31<\/sub>=-22 pC\/N, kp<\/sub>=20%, kt<\/sub>=40%) are exceptional when derived from such a straightforward solid-state route.<\/p>\n Read on our recent publication at Chemistry-Methods, a Wiley journal: \u201c Lead-Free (K0.50Na0.50)NbO3 Unmodified Piezoceramics: Reduction in the Energetic Budget of Solid-State Synthesis and Sintering\u00bb by MARIA DORE, JOS\u00c9 F. BARTOLOM\u00c9, SONIA L\u00d3PEZ-ESTEBAN, MARZIA MUREDDU, COSTANTINO CAU, STEFANO ENZO, \u00c1LVARO GARC\u00cdA, SEBASTIANO GARRONI and LORENA PARDO. Chemistry-Methods, 2500038 (2025) DOI:…<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/wp.icmm.csic.es\/mscg\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/68\/2025\/10\/GraphAbstractKNN.png\")
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